Metallic and magnetic objects are the most common IOFBs. Inert substances such as glass, stone, and plastic are better tolerated than metals such as copper or iron. For example, iron or copper FBs can cause siderosis bulbi or chalcosis, respectively. Subsequent damage depends on the composition of IOFB. FBs can cause direct damage via entry into the eye but can also ricochet in the eye causing further damage. The location and damage caused by an IOFB depends on several factors including the size, shape, and composition of the object as well as the momentum of the object at time of impact. The majority of foreign bodies (58-88%) enter the posterior segment. The majority of patients injured are between 21 and 40 years of age. These injuries commonly occur at work or at home according to the US eye injury database (Ferenc). Risk factors including metal-on-metal tasks, lack of eye protection, or male gender. Intraocular foreign bodies are seen in 17%-40% of penetrating ocular injuries and represents 3% of all emergency room visits in the United States. Increased awareness about eye protection, improved surgical techniques, and advancements in bioengineering are responsible for an improved outcome in injuries with IOFB. The visual prognosis depends on the zone of injury, type and size of foreign body and the subsequent complications. IOFBs can cause perforating or penetrating open globe injuries. Intraocular foreign body (IOFB) injuries vary in presentation, outcome, and prognosis depending upon various factors. 5.2.1 External approach - Small magnetic IOFB in the region of the pars plana.5.1 Anterior Intraocular Foreign Body (IOFB anterior to the iris plane).
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